Metabolomic studies mostly either report  metabolic intracellular fingerprints (cell homogenate) and/or extracellular footprints (culture medium), Snapshots of the ongoinig metabolism. But metabolism is highly dependent on the environment or culture condition. In a previous paper we developed live monitoring of cellular metabolism and mitochondrial respiration in 3D cell culture system using NMR spectroscopy  https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2021/an/d1an00041a
In this important follow-up paper we show the reliability and sensitivity of NMR diffusion measurements to detect metabolite concentration changes in both intra- and extracellular compartments during perfusion with different selective culture media, and with specific inhibitors. The method is of great potential use for the metabolomic characterization of potential treatments and comprehension of pathophysiological metabolic mechanisms.